• Hepatitis C virus HCV is a frequent cause

  2021-11-09

  

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a frequent cause of infectious chronic hepatitis. Unlike hepatitis A and B, there is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C infection yet. According to WHO, around 200 million people are infected with HCV worldwide [1], in addition to three to four million newly infected patien

• In insects structural cuticular proteins CPs

  2021-11-09

  

  In insects, structural cuticular proteins (CPs) play important roles in determining the diverse physical properties of the cuticle, depending on developmental stages, as well as different body regions, as a result of interactions with other CPs and the structural biopolymer chitin [4]. Many studies

• br Recent insights into EAAT structure function

  2021-11-09

  

  Recent insights into EAAT structure/function aspects The EAATs are secondary-active transporters coupling the movement of one Glu with the symport of three Na+ and one proton and the counter-transport of one K+ [3, 4]. The transporters are trimeric assemblies of protomers that function independen

• This data is in accordance

  2021-11-09

  

  This data is in accordance with our recent results on the influence of cholesterol-depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin on platelets (Borisova et al., 2011a). Dissipation of the proton electrochemical gradient of secretory granules by methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not evoke the release of endogenous gl

• The transport of glutamate by EAAT from the extracellular fl

  2021-11-09

  

  The transport of glutamate by EAAT2 from the extracellular fluid into either astrocytes or endothelial cells is an unfavorable and energy-consuming process. This energy is provided by a coupled co-transport of three sodium ions, one proton, and one glutamate molecule in the counter-transport of one

• br SMO antagonists pitfalls and limitations

  2021-11-09

  

  SMO antagonists: pitfalls and limitations The first Hh inhibitor discovered was cyclopamine, a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Veratrum californicum[21], which inactivates SMO by directly binding to its hepathelical bundle. Nevertheless, cyclopamine has shown several limitations as a d

• Our own search towards aryl

  2021-11-09

  

  Our own search towards aryl-imidazole derived GSMs led to the discovery of the benzimidazole derivative (). It is one of the most potent GSMs to date, suffering however from sub-optimal drug-like properties. More recently, we have described the design and synthesis of bicyclic triazolo-derivatives,

• One effective approach to fine tuning the lipophilicity

  2021-11-09

  

  One effective approach to fine-tuning the lipophilicity profile of FFA1 agonists is to ‘decorate’ the 3-phenylpropahoic dabigatran etexilate synthesis scaffold with polar heterocyclic moieties. Alternatively, this scaffold could be replaced with heterocyclic isosteres (as in Takeda’s compounds 1,2

• The second class of proteins necessary for maintaining chrom

  2021-11-08

  

  The second class of proteins necessary for maintaining sesamin synthesis dynamics is chromatin modifiers, which are considered ‘writers’ and ‘erasers’ and are responsible for modifications of histone N-terminal tails. These post-translational modifications can have direct or indirect effects on chr

• k145 Previous reports have implicated the guanylin GC C sign

  2021-11-08

  

  Previous reports have implicated the guanylin/GC-C signalling system as being important in osmoregulation in fish, especially in euryhaline species such as the eel which migrate between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments at different stages of their life cycle (Comrie et al., 2001a, Comr

• Here we used Drosophila and

  2021-11-08

  

  Here, we used Drosophila and mouse models to address the biological function of RALs in the adult intestine. Our results demonstrate a conserved in vivo role for RALs in ISC function during tissue homeostasis and regeneration. ISCs lacking RALs were at a disadvantage compared to wild-type neighbors.

• Thus synthesized thienopyrimidine derivatives were evaluated

  2021-11-08

  

  Thus synthesized thienopyrimidine derivatives were evaluated in vitro for GPR119 agonistic activity, and the results are summarized in , , . First, we fixed the 4-methylsulfonylphenyl substituent at the R position on the thienopyrimidine ring, and derivatized at the R position. As shown in , and s

• Because of its excellent GPR potency good hERG selectivity a

  2021-11-08

  

  Because of its excellent GPR119 potency, good hERG selectivity and favorable rat t, NSC23766 was scaled-up and further profiled. The synthetic protocols described in , were both suitable for a multi-gram scale synthesis of compound . An off-target screen was performed against an extensive panel o

• br Acknowledgements This work is supported by

  2021-11-08

  

  Acknowledgements This work is supported by the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies Council of Iran (CSTC, Grant No. 95P31), the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The authors wish to thank Dr. Ayat Kaeidi for his

• Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise d

  2021-11-08

  

  Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise 20 different species that are distributed throughout the world and cause the disease leishmaniasis [1]. Transmission primarily occurs through the bite of a female sand fly and clinical manifestations of the disease span from cutaneous lesio

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