• Glucagon regulates the transition from

  2022-02-17

  

  Glucagon regulates the transition from hepatic glucose utilisation in the absorptive state to glucagon production in the post-absorptive state by acute stimulation of glycogenolysis and inhibition of glycolysis [1]. An important component of this response is the phosphorylation of liver PFK2/FBPase2

• Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant treatm

  2022-02-17

  

  Animal studies have shown that various antidepressant treatment are capable of upregulating GR protein and mRNA in key 527 regions including the hippocampus and decreasing basal and/or stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion [37]. Changes in the level or function of GR regulate the negative feedbac

• Regulation of Gja involves a member of the wingless

  2022-02-17

  

  Regulation of Gja4 involves a member of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, WNT4. Mice deficient in Wnt4 had reduced (30%) expression of GJA1 compared to WT mice [40]. It is thought that WNT signaling regulates GJA1 expression and GJIC in granulosa cystamine by modulating beta-catenin s

• br Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis also known

  2022-02-17

  

  Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has a critically important role in tissue homeostasis, development, normal ageing and the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. The presenilins were first linked to apoptosis when ce

• The PK and the tissue distribution profiles of

  2022-02-16

  

  The PK and the tissue distribution profiles of 15k, 15j, 14d and 2 (Table 8) in male ICR mice were assessed. 15k, 15j, 14d all exhibited prolonged half-lives and improved plasma exposure. 15k achieved the highest concentration (15.45 μg/mL) in plasma among four compounds. The observation that 15j (S

• Introduction RNA splicing occurs in the

  2022-02-16

  

  Introduction RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus when noncoding sequences (introns) are removed from the pre-mRNA transcript and coding sequences (exons) are joined to form a mature mRNA [1,2]. This reaction is catalyzed by a multiprotein complex called spliceosome. The spliceosome consists of five

• Occupying at least of brain volume astroglial cells

  2022-02-16

  

  Occupying at least 50% of Z-DQMD-FMK volume, astroglial cells not only possess a high level of association in network through gap junctions and direct intercellular communications [28], but also are extensively exposed to extracellular fluid and contribute in shaping different types of synapses [29

• br Author contributions br Acknowledgements The work

  2022-02-16

  

  Author contributions Acknowledgements The work was supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of China (31601995, 31501028) and an internal research grant of Jianghan University (14042). The authors thank HY of Jingchu University of technology for revising the manuscript. Introduction

• sodium fluoride mg br Ethical approve and consent

  2022-02-16

  

  Ethical approve and consent to participate Consent for publication Availability of supporting data Competing interests Funding This work was supported by a grant from Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81330089) and the Shanghai Science and Technology Fun

• Receptor guanylyl cyclases play essential

  2022-02-16

  

  Receptor guanylyl cyclases play essential roles in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (patho-)physiology, reproduction biology, cell proliferation, bone growth and sensory signal transduction and, therefore, are important pharmacological targets. Accordingly, the receptor guanylyl cyclase agonists

• br Introduction The discovery that the

  2022-02-16

  

  Introduction The discovery that the nitric oxide (NO), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway mediates erection has led to the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors as the gold standard for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) through the inh

• br Modulators of the GUCY C

  2022-02-16

  

  Modulators of the GUCY2C/cGMP/PDEs signaling pathways for CRC prevention and therapy (pre-clinical and clinical development) Several modulators of the GUCY2C/cGMP/PDEs signaling pathways, including GUCY2C agonists and PDEs inhibitors, have been developed and explored as chemopreventive agents for

• GSTs have been originally named

  2022-02-15

  

  GSTs have been originally named ‘ligandins’ because of their capacity to bind large ligand molecules (of molecular weight >400 Da) (Oakley et al., 1999). At least three separate Cyclosporin H have been reported for xenobiotics within the H-site; only one is for CDNB (Ralat and Colman, 2004). Usuall

• Recently an increasing number of studies

  2022-02-15

  

  Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the crucial role of nociceptive factors produced by microglia under neuropathic pain conditions (Mika et al., 2013; Popiolek-Barczyk and Mika, 2016). iNOS is an important pronociceptive factor that is strictly expressed by microglia/macropha

• Finally our data found that

  2022-02-15

  

  Finally, our data found that the EBV dUTPase protein modulates tryptophan, serotonin, and DA metabolism and use in vitro and in vivo. The EBV dUTPase may alter kynurenine catabolism in microglia in vitro, suggesting that there is an increase synthesis of quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid, an agonist

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